ANTIPERISTASIS, in Philosophy, the Action of two opposite Qualities, one whereof, by its Opposition excites and heightens the Force of the other. See QUALITY. This Word is Greek, Ἀντιπερίστασις; formed of ἀντί, contra against, and περιίστημι, to stand round: q.d. Resistance or Renitency against anything that surrounds or besets another. It is usually defined, "the Opposition of a contrary Quality, whereby the Quality it opposes becomes heightened, or intensified; or the Action whereby a Body attacked by another, collects itself, and becomes stronger by such Opposition; or an Intensification of the Activity of one Quality, by the Opposition of another."Thus Cold, say the School-Philosophers, on many Occasions exalts the Degree of Heat; and Dryness that of Moisture. See COLD, etc.
APORRHOE, Ἀπορροή, in Philosophy, sulphureous Effluvia or Exhalations, emitted from the Earth, and subterranean Bodies. See VAPOUR and EXHALATION. The Word is formed from the Greek ἀπορρέω (aporrheo), to flow from. See MEPHITIC, etc.
An ABSTRACT Idea, is some simple Idea, detach'd and separated from any particular Subject, or Complex Idea ; for the sake of viewing and considering it more distinctly, as it is in itself, its own Nature, &c. See IDEA, SIMPLE, COMPLEX, &c.
Thus, Magnitude and Humanity are Abstracts when consider'd in themselves, and without being attached to any particular Body, or Person ; tho they cannot have any real Subsistence without such Subjects, nor the Subjects without them.
Thus, also, Whiteness is an Abstract, or abstract Term ; inasmuch as it does not denote any one white Object, but that Colour or Idea in the general, wherever sound. See GENERAL.
From the Knowledge of Abstracts we arrive at that of Concretes, which is the opposite Term ; Concrete denoting a General or Abstract Idea's being attach'd to same particular Subject, or consider'd as combin'd with some other Ideas ; as, great House, white Wall. See CONCRETE.
ACCOMMODATION, in Philosophy, the Application of one thing, by Analogy, to another. See ANALOGY.
Thus, to know a thing by Accommodation, is to know it by the Idea of a similar thing referred thereto.
A Prophecy of Scripture is said to be fulfilled various ways;Properly, as when a thing foretold comes to pass; and Improperly, or by way of Accommodation, when an Event happens to any Place or People, like to what was foretold some time before to another. Thus, the Words of Isaiah, spoke to those of his own Time, are said to be fulfilled in those who lived in our Saviour's; and are accommodated to them: Ye Hypocrites, well did Isaiah prophesy of you, &c. which same Words, St. Paul afterwards accommodates to the Jews of his Time. — This Method of explaining Scripture by Accommodation serves as a Key for solving some of the Difficulties relating to the Prophecies. See TYPE, PROPHECY, &c.
Thus, to know a thing by Accommodation, is to know it by the Idea of a similar thing referred thereto.
A Prophecy of Scripture is said to be fulfilled various ways;Properly, as when a thing foretold comes to pass; and Improperly, or by way of Accommodation, when an Event happens to any Place or People, like to what was foretold some time before to another. Thus, the Words of Isaiah, spoke to those of his own Time, are said to be fulfilled in those who lived in our Saviour's; and are accommodated to them: Ye Hypocrites, well did Isaiah prophesy of you, &c. which same Words, St. Paul afterwards accommodates to the Jews of his Time. — This Method of explaining Scripture by Accommodation serves as a Key for solving some of the Difficulties relating to the Prophecies. See TYPE, PROPHECY, &c.
APPETITE, Appetitus, Appetency, in Philosophy, a Desire of enjoying something wanted; or a Complacency in the Enjoyment of a thing present. Some Philosophers define it more generally, a Passion of the Soul whereby we desire something; or a Propensity or Impulse towards anything apprehended as good. See PASSION, etc. The Schoolmen distinguish Appetite into Voluntary and Natural. The first is the Will itself, acting under a competent Knowledge or Information of the thing in hand: Such is the Appetite or Desire of being happy. The second is a kind of Instinct whereby we are mechanically driven to consult our own Preservation. See INSTINCT, WILL, NATURAL INCLINATION, etc. Natural Appetite is subdivided into Concupiscible and Irascible. See CONCUPISCENCE and IRASCIBLE. The Word comes from the Latin Verb appeto, to desire, to covet; formed of ad, to, and peto, I draw.